PODCAST NOTES #4

(See I actually did do them)

PODCAST NOTES:

·      Conflicts over tax policies following the end of the French and Indian war quickly led to the outbreak of the American Revolution

·      Difference between war for independence and the American Revolution are two different things.

·      The fighting lasts 1775-1781 intellectual break begins in 1763

·      Distance weakened the authority of London

·      By 1763 most colonists had been born in America this weakened their idea of being a British citizen

·      They did not have connections to family, tradition and place

·      Colonists had a strong will

·      1765 – Stamp Act enraged the colonists

·      Stamp Act Congress – 9 delegates from the colonies arrived, ignored entirely by the British, beings the colonists together, shows the colonists that they have common interest. They adopted nonimportation (boycott) agreements of British goods. 

·      13 colonies – (north to south) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut Rhode island, new york, new jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

·      Sons of Liberty- led by Samuel Adams in Boston. They made sure that individuals were not buying British goods. They also made sure that the Stamp Act agents were not able to sell the stamps. They intimidated and drove out the officials

·      British were not making money off of the Stamp Act

·      British merchants were hit hard by the boycotts, they wanted the repeal of the Stamp Act

·      The British were upset with the colonies because the colonies wouldn’t pay for their own defense

·      1766 – Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and passed the Declaratory Act – they had the right to bind the colonists in all cases.

·      New Prime minister: Charles Townshend. Persuaded parliament 1767 to pass the Townshend acts

·      Townshend acts – were not paid directly by the individual, put taxes on glass, tea, paper… etc. Colonists were upset about paying the British taxes

·      To the British this seemed very reasonable

·      The British were upset by smuggling

·      They sent troops to Boston.

·      March 5^th 1770, 60 towns people attacked a group of British soldiers. The Soldiers defended themselves by firing into the crowd

·      Crispus Attucks died in the Boston Massacre

·      The Boston Massacre angers the public against the British because it is used as propaganda

·      The British king (George the 3^rd) wanted to reassert the power of the crown

·      Prime Minister: Lord North a “yes man” would agree with anything that the King wanted.

·      In response to the tea taxes: Committees of Correspondence. Letters informing what was going on in the individual colonies. Colonists were able to regularly communicate with each other

·      But by 1773 – nonimportation on tea was weakening. The price of tea had fallen to where it was cheaper to buy the legal tea.

·      1773 – British East India Company was in financial peril. It was given complete monopoly over the tea industry in the colonies. Colonists were upset about this. They felt that the British East Company would raise the price. This led to the Boston Tea Party

·      The Intolerable acts

·      Boston port act = closed Boston harbor until the tea was payed for. It also united the colonies because colonies would ship food to the closed off Boston colony over land.

·      Quebec Act- gave the British’s French subjects a great deal of liberty. It guaranteed the catholic religion of Quebce to be respected. Colonists dislike this.

Chapter 7 APUSH questions

The Deep Roots of Revolution

26.        Why does the author say that the American Revolution began when the first settlers stepped ashore?

In the "old World" Europeans were to set in their ways. With having to form all new traditions and ideals the colonists created a new nation that would clearly one day be dramatically different from that of England. 

Mercantilism and Colonial Grievances

Know:    Mercantilism, Navigation Laws, Royal Veto

27.        Explain the economic theory of mercantilism and the role of colonies.

Mercantilism was the idea that colonies were formed to benefit the mother country. The colonies were to send raw goods to Britain and import finished goods from Britain. 

28.        How did Parliament enact the theory of mercantilism into policy?

In order to regulate the mercantilist system Parliament passed the Navigation law of 1650. Requiring all commerce to be transported by British ships. Also that they first had to land in Britain. Parliament also prohibited the printing of paper money by the colonists. The British crown also had the right to nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies if they messed with the mercantilist system. 

The Merits and Menace of Mercantilism

Know:    Salutary Neglect, John Hancock, Bounties

29.        In what ways did the mercantilist theory benefit the colonies?

The colonies benefited from the mercantilist theory through protection using the British Navy, and monopoly of tobacco trade in Britain. 

30.        What economic factors were involved in leading colonists to be displeased with the British government?          

The Mercantilist Theory kept the colonists dependent on the British and stifled any economic initiatives that the colonists might start. The Sugar Act, Stamp Act and Townshend Duties placed unfair taxes on the colonies by Britain to pay for war time debts.

The Stamp Tax Uproar

Know:    George Grenville, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Admiralty Courts, Virtual Representation

31.        Why were the colonists so upset over relatively mild taxes and policies?

The Stamp tax was created to raise revenue for a military force in the colonies. The colonists were angered because the soldiers took their jobs and they felt that they did not need any protection after the French were already booted out of North america. 

Forced Repeal of the Stamp Act

Know:    Stamp Act Congress, Nonimportation Agreements, Homespun, Sons of Liberty, Declaratory Act

32.        In what ways did colonists resist the Stamp Act?

The colonists formed the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 this lead to widespread nonimportation agreements (boycotts) of British goods. Everyone was able to participate in the boycotts which made them widely popular. They also resorted to violence. They burned efegy's and ransacked official's houses. By the time the law was enforced, no one was there to collect the payment of the tax because they were all to scared. 

The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston "Massacre"

Know:    Townshend Acts, Indirect Tax, Boston Massacre, John Adams

33.        How did the Townshend Acts lead to more difficulties?

Soldiers came to enforce the Townshend Acts. These soldiers took over colonists' jobs. The colonists were so upset that they attacked a British soldier. This led to the Boston Massacre which was used as propaganda against the British.

The Seditious Committees of Correspondence

Know:    George III, Lord North, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence

34.        How did Committees of Correspondence work?

It was a series of committees in the towns throughout the colonies that spread letters containing the spirit of resistance. 

Tea Brewing in Boston

Know:    British East India Company, Boston Tea Party

35.        What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party, and what was its significance?

The British East India Company was bailed out by the British government and given a monopoly on the Tea Trade. This angered the colonists because, although it lowered the price of tea, it funneled the money through loyalist merchants and took away from smugglers. This led to the Boston Tea Party which was a rebellion against the British government in which colonists dumped loads of tea into the ocean at the Boston Port. 

Parliament Passes the "Intolerable Acts"

Know:    Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act of 1774, Quebec Act

36.        What was so intolerable about the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts?

The intolerable acts were so "intolerable" because they were a series of restricting laws that took away the colonists basic rights as British citizens. They were angered that they weren't being treated like a Brit.

Bloodshed

Know:    First Continental Congress, Declaration of Rights, The Association, Tar and Feathers, Minute Men, Lexington and Concord

37.        What was the goal of the First Continental Congress?

It's goal was to consider ways of redressing colonial grievances. It led to a written Declaration of rights as well as an appeal to the king.

Imperial Strength and Weakness

Know:    Hessians, Tories

38.        What were British strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war?

The British had a larger population (3:1). They were also richer and had a better naval power. Britain also had a much better trained army than the colonies. However, it was fighting at two fronts. Britain had to send troops to Ireland to watch it. The British did not have any good politicians in the government at that time. Also, many Britons had no desire to fight in the war all the way across the sea. Distance was one of the main conquerors of the British. The colonists were fighting on their home turf, but the British had to go through long voyages to fight. The colonies did not have a main urban center that the British could take over. 

American Pluses and Minuses

Know:    George Washington, Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, Continentals

39.        What were the American strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war?

The colonists had great leadership (George Washington and Benjamin Franklin)and open foreign aid. Also the colonists were fighting a defensive war; they knew the turf. However, they were badly organized. They lacked money. Milita men were highly unreliable. 

A Thin Line of Heroes

Know:    Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben, Continental Army

40.        What role was played by African-Americans in the Revolution?

They were initially barred, but as more troops were needed they were used as cooks, guides, spies, drivers, and road builders for the colonists. They also fought for the British in return for their freedom. 

Notes on October 29th

NOTES

John Greene:

• The fighting began on April 19th, 1775 for the American Revolution. 
• First two battles: Lexington and Concord
• Second Continental Congress May 1775 -- has to quickly deal with Lexington and Concord. learn that Benedict Arnold take over Ticonderoga. They set up a delegation to draw a declaration of independence, set up the olive branch petition. 
• July 1775 Olive Branch Petition, king rejects it
• Thomas Paine's Common Sense January 1776 "America is special and it should not be governed by Britain, whom is far far away" This pamphlet was extremely popular and well read. It inspired the war for independence
• Mercantilism: until 1763 the laws were not enforced. Benefits of Mercantilism: tobacco, protection of the navy, and army
• Know John Hancock president of Second Continental Congress, richest American, made money by smuggling, 
• 
  

The Acts that led to the American Revolution

A) The Sugar Act
(April 5, 1764) The sugar act reduced the tax on molasses, but introduced new taxes on imported goods such as sugar. This would not be a problem for the colonists if Britain didn't enforce their laws like they have in the past, but they began to crack down. This affects the colony's rum companies and sets the stage for the revolt against the Stamp Act. 

B) The Stamp Act
(February 6, 1765) The Stamp act was the first time that Britain asserted a tax on all of the colonists, not just Merchants. Great britain was faced with a huge national debt after the war, and they expected the colonists to pay for some of it. This caused a revolt from the colonists. They boycotted British goods and came up with the phrase "No taxation without representation."

C) Quartering Act

(1765) The Quartering act made it so that British soldiers could demand food and shelter from colonists. This led to the 3rd amendment in the constitution. 

D) Declaratory Act

(1766) This accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act. It declared that Britain had the absolute authority to pass whatever laws on the colonies and tax them as well. This upset the colonists because they were worried that Britain would take away their self government.

E) Townshend Revenue Act

Much like the Sugar Act, the Townshend Revenue Act placed taxes on certain imports such as paint, oil, paper, and glass. Colonists were so angered that they boycotted all of these good until Britain's trade dried up, and they were forced to repeal the act. 

F) Tea Act
(May 1773) This is the final spark for the Revolutionary movement. It did not tax or raise revenue in the colonies, but rather gave the East India Company a monopoly on the tea trade. This way the money could be routed through loyalist merchants. This led to the Boston Tea Party and was used as propaganda for the American Revolution


G) Intolerable or Coercive Acts
(1774) These acts were meant to punish the British colonists for throwing the tea in the harbor at the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Port Act shut down the boston harbor until the tea was payed for. The Administration of Justice Act took away colonists rights to a trial by jury.The Massachusetts government act took away their right to elect their officials. The Quartering act allowed British soldiers to demand shelter and food from the colonists. The quebec act gave the French much of their property back. This angered the colonists because they had many claims on that land and the British were virtually nullifying said claims.

HAPPY

H - Historical Context

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   ●Connect across time to earlier or later events.

A - Audience

   ●Identify WHO the targeted person or group was for the document and HOW this might affect the reliability of the source.

   ●Go beyond what is listed on the source line.

   ●Example: Private Letter vs. Public Speech

P - Purpose

   ●What is the goal of the author/creator? What do they hope to accomplish through the document?

   ●Is it to inform, entertain, persuade, influence, teach, record, describe, regulate or another reason?

   ●The purpose for this document was ____ and it is shown through _______.

P - Point of View

   ●Go beyond the basic identity of the author and source by asking questions:

oWhat is the author’s profession?

oWhat is the author’s ethnicity?

oDoes the author have allegiance to a particular group?

oHow might these (or other) factors have influenced the author and/or content of the source?

  ●For POV Think- WHO and HOW

Y - Your Interpretation

  ●Explain WHY the source is important in relation to the question being asked.

OR

●Explain WHAT the source has to do with the question being asked.

PodCast Notes #3

PODCAST NOTES #3

·      The 18^th century in Europe contained major struggles between French, Spanish, and English to become major world powers

·      This caused WORLD WARS

·      English and French were always opposed

·      King William’s War

·      Queen Anne’s War

·      1739 war of Austrian Succession – between England and Spain (France aligned with Spain) war ended in

·      Colonists fight with Canada to get strong points

·      When war is ended, strong holdings are given back to the French in the peace treaty. This upset the colonists.

·      Ohio River valley area.

·      French had already set up military outposts, and British were moving in.

·      George Washington with 150 men scouted where the French strongholds are. He runs into the French, shots are fired, and the French and Indian war begins

·      This is unique because it starts in the colony, not the mother country

·      The British were worried that the French subjects that they had recently acquired in Nova Scotia would turn on the British. So they sent them to Louisiana. 

·      The biggest war the world has ever seen before then

·      The British did not have a huge army. So they bankrolled the military efforts of Prussia.

·      British want the colonies to pay for support. The colonists don’t like this.

·      1760 the battle of Quebec occurs – British win because the French commander fights the European way.

·      French get booted from Canada. French get to keep territories in the West Indies. The British commander of quebec learns from this when Benedict Arnold goes to attack Quebec the British governor stays in the walled city, and not come out to fight. 

·      The area of Louisiana was given to the Spanish

·      Great Britain becomes THE super power

·      The French and Indian war gives the colonists extensive battle experience

·      Fight side by side with the British soldiers

·      , makes the soldiers humans, and gives the colonists a boost of confidence

·      Reasons for disunity amongst colonies:

·      Enormous distances

·      Geographical barriers (rivers and mountains)

·      Conflicting religions

·      Varying nationalities

·      Different types of government

·      Boundary disputes

·      Backcountry vs. wealthy planters

·      Privy council – a group of advisors to the king

·      Mercantilism- the colonies of North America are supposed to economically benefit the mother country

·      Navigation laws- restricted commerce from the colonies

·      Colonists were short on money because of mercantilism

·      Barter became the norm

·      Britain forbids the colonists from printing paper money

·      Created resentment

·      When French and Indian war ended Britain asked the colonists to pay for a standing British army to prevent further wars

·      Sugar act – increased the tax on imported sugar

·      Quartering act – required food and shelter to be provided for British troops

·      Stamp Act – taxed all printed paper

·      Military courts – no juries guilty until proven innocent (this took away colonist rights)