PodCast Notes #3

PODCAST NOTES #3

·      The 18^th century in Europe contained major struggles between French, Spanish, and English to become major world powers

·      This caused WORLD WARS

·      English and French were always opposed

·      King William’s War

·      Queen Anne’s War

·      1739 war of Austrian Succession – between England and Spain (France aligned with Spain) war ended in

·      Colonists fight with Canada to get strong points

·      When war is ended, strong holdings are given back to the French in the peace treaty. This upset the colonists.

·      Ohio River valley area.

·      French had already set up military outposts, and British were moving in.

·      George Washington with 150 men scouted where the French strongholds are. He runs into the French, shots are fired, and the French and Indian war begins

·      This is unique because it starts in the colony, not the mother country

·      The British were worried that the French subjects that they had recently acquired in Nova Scotia would turn on the British. So they sent them to Louisiana. 

·      The biggest war the world has ever seen before then

·      The British did not have a huge army. So they bankrolled the military efforts of Prussia.

·      British want the colonies to pay for support. The colonists don’t like this.

·      1760 the battle of Quebec occurs – British win because the French commander fights the European way.

·      French get booted from Canada. French get to keep territories in the West Indies. The British commander of quebec learns from this when Benedict Arnold goes to attack Quebec the British governor stays in the walled city, and not come out to fight. 

·      The area of Louisiana was given to the Spanish

·      Great Britain becomes THE super power

·      The French and Indian war gives the colonists extensive battle experience

·      Fight side by side with the British soldiers

·      , makes the soldiers humans, and gives the colonists a boost of confidence

·      Reasons for disunity amongst colonies:

·      Enormous distances

·      Geographical barriers (rivers and mountains)

·      Conflicting religions

·      Varying nationalities

·      Different types of government

·      Boundary disputes

·      Backcountry vs. wealthy planters

·      Privy council – a group of advisors to the king

·      Mercantilism- the colonies of North America are supposed to economically benefit the mother country

·      Navigation laws- restricted commerce from the colonies

·      Colonists were short on money because of mercantilism

·      Barter became the norm

·      Britain forbids the colonists from printing paper money

·      Created resentment

·      When French and Indian war ended Britain asked the colonists to pay for a standing British army to prevent further wars

·      Sugar act – increased the tax on imported sugar

·      Quartering act – required food and shelter to be provided for British troops

·      Stamp Act – taxed all printed paper

·      Military courts – no juries guilty until proven innocent (this took away colonist rights)

Don't Know Much About History Pages 60-140

Don’t Know Much About History Pages 60-140

·      The French and Indian War

·      England had war time debt to pay

·      They put taxes on the colonies – sugar act of 1764

·      Stamp Act of 1765 – caused riots and boycott, by the time the law was repealed Americans were already stirred and began to revolt against the English government.

·      Townshend Acts (1767) - was boycotted so the British sent in soldiers to put down the uprising this led to the Boston Massacre

·      The troops took the jobs of the colonists in Boston and the colonists were angry so they formed a mob. This mob attacked the soldiers with snowballs. The threatened soldiers fired at the colonists and 5 died. This was used as propaganda for the revolution and to succeed from the British.

·      1773 Parliament granted a monopoly of the Tea Trade to The East India Company. Which funneled money to loyalist merchants. This led to the Boston Tea Party.

·      The Boston Tea Party covered in soot, was led by Samuel Adams and John Hancock, they boarded three tea laden ships and dumped all of the tea into harbor in protest to the monopoly.

·      Coercive Acts was passed.  Also known as the “Intolerable acts”

·      Port Bill – closed down Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for

·      Administration of Justice Act –

·      Massachusetts’s Regulating Act

·      Quebec Act

·      Quartering Act – which allowed British soldiers to demand food and shelter from colonists

·      Second Continental Congress  on May 10 1775 elected George Washington as commander of the New Continental Army

·      13 years passed between the French and Indian War and the Revolution

·      King issued a proclamation cutting colonies off from trade

·      The British, unable to get enough troops, hired German mercenaries

·      Common Sense by Thomas Paine was published and widely circulated

·      The creation of the Declaration of Independence began

·      They purposefully left slaves out of the Declaration because it was too controversial

·      Benedict Arnold is one the greatest traitors of all time.

·      He felt underappreciated and planned to give West Point to the Britihs, but was caught. He escaped and aided the British in destruction of the colonies.

·      Articles of Confederation – loosely organized Federal government. Congress lacked the power to tax

·      The colonists won because they were on their home turf, they had help from the French, they had a different military technique, and Washington survived

·      Peace of Paris – recognized America’s independence

·      The war caused debt for America

·      The thirteen states weren’t quite unified yet

·      Shay’s Rebellion – caused the end of direct State taxes, reduced court costs, and the exemption of workmen’s tools and household necessities from the debt process

·      Constitution

·      Checks and balances- allowed for no one part of the government o be completely in control. This allowed for them all to be “checked”

·      Federalist Papers

·      George Washington elected president by the electoral College

·      To determine how many representatives in the house each state got the first census took place in 1790

·      Bill of Rights guaranteed freedoms not specifically addressed in the Constitution

·      1^st Amendment:  separation of Church and States

·      2^nd Amendment: the right to keep and bear arms

·      3^rd Amendment: soldiers cannot be housed in private homes unless given consent by the owner

·      4^th Amendment: free from unreasonable search and seizure

·      5^th Amendment: requirement of a grand jury , a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice, and the protection from testifying against oneself

·      6^th Amendment: guarantees the right to a speedy, public trial

·      7^th Amendment: guarantees trial by Jury

·      8^th Amendment: prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment”

·      9^th Amendment:  covers basic rights

·      10^th Amendment: guarantees that all power not within the government or states belongs to the people

·      Supreme court was established

·      Jefferson (Republican but modern day democrat for farmers/workers) vs. Hamilton (republican/Federalist but real for merchants and bankers)

·      Hamilton made a national bank

·      During the French Revolution, the colonies made a treaty with the British to get them out of their last posts in return for aid. Parts of the treaty were considered pro British which was attacked by Jefferson’s supporters.

·    Like all politicians, Hamilton was caught in a sex/money scandal and accused of corruption. He admits to it.